31107793
3DB 01
TUGAS BHD.INGGRIS BISNIS
Reading
MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS
"A company often becomes involved in international trade by exchanging goods or services with another country-importing raw materials it may need for production or exporting finished products to a foreign market. Establishing these trade relationships is the first step in the development of a multinational business. At this stage, however the corporation’s emphasis is still on the domestic market. As trade expands, the corporation’s dealing with companies or people outside the “home country” of that corporation increase."
"The corporation then begins to view the whole world as a base for production and marketing operations. The next step in the development of a multinational business is focusing on the world market. The company may establish a foreign assembly plant, engage in contract manufacturing, or build a foreign manufacturing company or subsidiary. Therefore, a multinational corporation is a company that is primarily based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries."
"Since World War II, multinational corporations have grown rapidly. The names and products of many of the multinational have become well-known in the world marketplace: International Business Machines (IBM), Royal Dutch Shell, Panasonic, Coca-Cola, and Volkwagen. Coca-Cola, for example, now has operations in more then 180 countries."
"A multinational corporation operates in a complex business environment. Cultural, social, economic, political, and technological system vary from country to country. In order to operate successfully, a multinational company needs a basic understanding and appreciation of the foreign business environment."
Comprehension
"A. Answer the following questions about multinationals. Questions with asteris (*) cannot be answered directly from the text."
1. What is the first step in the development of a multinational business?
2. Where is the comapany’s emphasis when it is simply trading with other countries?
3. What market does a multinational corporation focus on?
4. A company may establish its manufacturing operations in foreign countries? What are three forms that these operations may take?
5. What is a multinational corporation?
6 When have multinationals grown rapidly? *Why do you think they have experienced this period of rapid growth?
7. *What are some products that are produced by the following multinational corporations: IBM, Coca-Cola, Panasonic, Shell, and Volkswagen?
8. *Why does a multinational corporation operate in a more complex business environment than a domestic company?
9. *What are some of the social and political factors that can vary from country to country?
10. Why does a multinational corporation need a basic understanding of foreign business environments? *How can a multinational gain this understanding?
"Answer:"
A. 1. The first step (it) is establishing the trade relationship with another country.
2. The companies emphasis (it) is still on the domestic market.
3. A multinational corporation (it) focuses on the world market.
4. The three forms (they) are: It may establish a foreign assembly plant, engage in contract manufacturing, and build a foreign manufacturing company or a subsidiary.
5. A multinational corporation (it) is a company that is primary based in one country and has production and marketing activities in foreign countries.
6. Multinationals (they) have grown rapidly since World War II. Because during the war many countries knew what recurces are scarce or abundant in other countries.
7. IBM: International Business Machines, Royal Dutch Shell oil, Panasonic electronic, Coca-Cola softdrink, Volkswagen automobiles.
8. Because a multinational corporation focuses on the world market, and each country has its own system: culturally, economically, politically and technologically. Where as a domestic company only operates in one country which its system its already familiar.
9. Socially: In Japan life time employment system is applied, where as in Indonesia contract system employment is used.
Politically: Thailand is monarchism, Indonesia is democratic.
10. In order to operate successfully. This understanding can be gained through market research.B. Determine which of the following statement are true and which are false. Then put T
"or F in the blanks. Rewrite false statements to make them true."
1. T Multinaltional corporations have grown rapidly since 1945.
2. F Any company engaged in international trade is a multinational business.
3. T In order to operate successfully, a multinational company needs to be aware of national and international business environments
4. F A multinational corporation focuses on its “home country,” or domestic market.
5. F A multinational company does not establish factories in foreign countries.Vocabulary ExercisesVocabulary Exercises
A.Write down any terms that you did not understand in the reading. Find each term in the reading, look at its context, and try to figure out the meaning. Discuss these terms with your classmates.
B.Look at the terms in the left-hand colomn and find the correct synonyms or definiti-
Ons in the right-hand colomn. Copy the corresponding letters in the blanks.
1. j corporation (line 5) a. chiefly; principally
2. e expand (line 6) b. function in; work in
3. g view (line 8) c. change
4. i stage (line 5) d. a company having more than half of its stock
owned by another company
5. a primarily (line 13) e. increase the dimensions of
6. h base (line 8) f. growth; expansion
7. c vary (line 21) g. see; look at
8. d subsidiary (line 21) h. foundation
9. b operate in (line 20) i. a step in development
10.f development (line 4) j. a type of business organization formed by an
association of stockholders
C.Fill in the blanks in the following paragraph with the most appropriate terms form the
"list."
base operate in appreciation of expands
vary corporation development subsidiary
staged involved in view relationship
"During the development of a corporation, the organizational structure may vary over time and pass through a number of stages . As the corporation grows, it expands its operations. It might become involved in setting up a subsidiary . Although the corporation still has a primary or “home base ,” establishment of a subsidiary allow the company to enter into new relationship with a view toward increasing its production and marketing capabilities."
Text Analysis
Look at the reading to answer these questions.
1.What does each of the following refer to?
LINES WORDS REFERENTS
2 it a company
5 this stage first step
17 IBM International Business Machine
2.Match the connective words or phrases with the appropriate functions.
c however (line 5) a. summarizing
d then (line 8) b. illustrating
a therefore (line 12) c. contrasting
b for example (line 18) d. sequencing information
3.Summarize the two general steps in the development of a multinational corporation.
a. establishing these trade relationship. (line 3-5)
b. focusing on the world market. (line 8-10)
4.Sometimes the definition of a term takes this form:
a controls the
A restrictive trade law → is → law → that → number of goods
imported or exported
that
term being defined → verb to be → class→ which → definition